ENGLISH GRAMMAR

DIRECT & INDIRECT

We would never have to give information what people think or say.

In order to do this you  can use direct or indirect speech.

DIRECT SPEECH

   

     Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (Quoting the exact word of the speeker).

Provision

* What a person says appears within quotation marks(“... ”)

Example :

·         Lecturer said ,“we carry out a quiz next week”

·         “today`s lesson is on trading companies”,she said

·         She said “what shall we learn today?”

INDIRECT SPEECH

     

     Reporting of what a speaker said without quoting his exact words.

Example :

·         He said he was going to the campus.

·         She said  that she was learning then

·         She asked what we should learn that day

RULES  SO WE CAN CHANGE DIRECT TO INDIRECT OR OTHERWISE

Direct	Indirect
Now	Then
Here	There
Here After	There After
This	That
These	Those
Ago	Before
Thus	So
Today	That Thay
Yesterday	The Thay Before
Tomorrow	The Next Day
Last Night	The Previous Night
Last Month	The Month Before
Tonight	That Night
Next Month	A Month After
Next Week	The Week After
Hence	Thence
Hither	Thither
May	Might
Can	Could
Must	Had To
Will	Would
Shall	Should